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Every compound, explained

All six slick compounds (C1 to C6) plus the Cinturato Intermediate and Full Wet. Working temperature windows, graining versus blistering, the 18-inch wheel era and the FIA rules.

Compound reference

C1

Compound 1 (Hardest)

110°C - 140°C (230°F - 284°F) / High Working Range

Dry slickHardness 1 / 6

The hardest slick tyre in the Pirelli range. Formulated for circuits that impart extreme lateral and thermal loads into the carcass. High resistance to overheating and blistering, ideal for abrasive asphalt and prolonged high-speed cornering.

Mechanical grip
Low (Baseline)
Degradation
Very Low
Warm-up
Slow (Requires 2-3 aggressive preparation laps)
Target stint window
40 - 55 laps
  • Virtually immune to thermal blistering
  • Maintains constant pace across 40+ laps
  • High structural rigidity for 250+ km/h corners
  • Very hard to warm up in cool ambient conditions
  • Susceptible to cold-tear graining if pushed before core temperature is reached

Typical circuits
Silverstone, Suzuka, Barcelona-Catalunya, Zandvoort, Bahrain

C2

Compound 2 (Hard-Medium)

105°C - 135°C (221°F - 275°F) / High Working Range

Dry slickHardness 2 / 6

A highly versatile hard/medium compound. Serves as the Hard tyre on medium-to-high severity tracks or the Medium compound on aggressive circuits. Provides high durability while giving drivers superior mechanical traction compared to C1.

Mechanical grip
Medium-Low
Degradation
Low
Warm-up
Moderate-Slow (1-2 push preparation laps)
Target stint window
32 - 45 laps
  • Broad operating temperature window
  • Resistant to graining under high fuel loads
  • Excellent stability under heavy trail-braking
  • Can feel numb on low-grip track surfaces before rubbering in

Typical circuits
Spa-Francorchamps, COTA (Austin), Jeddah, Suzuka, Lusail (Qatar)

C3

Compound 3 (The Workhorse)

100°C - 130°C (212°F - 266°F) / Medium Working Range

Dry slickHardness 3 / 6

Pirelli’s most adaptable compound and the reference point of modern Formula 1. Sits right in the center of the hardness scale. Selected for every single race of the season—acting as Soft on high-energy tracks, Medium on balanced circuits, or Hard on street tracks.

Mechanical grip
Medium (Optimal Balance)
Degradation
Moderate
Warm-up
Fast (1 prep lap / immediate bite)
Target stint window
22 - 35 laps
  • Ideal balance between mechanical grip and thermal degradation
  • Predictable linear drop-off curve
  • Exceptional driver feedback at the limit
  • Can suffer thermal degradation if stuck in aerodynamic "dirty air" behind another car

Typical circuits
Used at 100% of all Grand Prix either as Hard, Medium, or Soft!

C4

Compound 4 (Soft-Medium)

90°C - 120°C (194°F - 248°F) / Low-Medium Working Range

Dry slickHardness 4 / 6

High-performance compound tailored for low-to-medium roughness tracks. Rapid warm-up characteristics make it the primary qualifying weapon on low-abrasion circuits and a decisive sprint/undercut option during the Grand Prix.

Mechanical grip
High
Degradation
High-Moderate
Warm-up
Very Fast (Immediate peak grip on out-lap)
Target stint window
16 - 26 laps
  • Instant mechanical grip out of slow hairpins and chicanes
  • Minimal out-lap warm-up preparation required
  • High traction off the start grid
  • Prone to surface blistering if sustained lateral load is applied at high track temps (>40°C)

Typical circuits
Monza, Montreal (Gilles Villeneuve), Spielberg, Baku, COTA

C5

Compound 5 (Softest Standard)

85°C - 115°C (185°F - 239°F) / Low Working Range

Dry slickHardness 5 / 6

The softest standard compound in Pirelli’s arsenal. Engineered specifically for street circuits and venues with smooth, slippery asphalt requiring pure mechanical adhesion. Produces the fastest single-lap qualifying times but demands precise management to prevent thermal cliffs.

Mechanical grip
Maximum Slicks
Degradation
High
Warm-up
Instantaneous (Peak performance within Sector 1)
Target stint window
10 - 18 laps
  • Maximum mechanical adhesion over bumps and painted kerbs
  • Peak grip on qualifying flying laps
  • Superior traction zone acceleration
  • Fast thermal drop-off; single lap qualifying peak; high degradation over 12+ laps

Typical circuits
Monaco, Singapore (Marina Bay), Las Vegas, Imola, Hungaroring

C6

Compound 6 (Ultra-Soft Specialist)

80°C - 110°C (176°F - 230°F) / Ultra-Low Working Range

Dry slickHardness 6 / 6

Pirelli’s prototype ultra-soft compound formulated to combat graining on the slickest, tightest street circuits like Monaco where cars generate lower aerodynamic downforce at slow corner speeds.

Mechanical grip
Extreme
Degradation
Extreme
Warm-up
Instant
Target stint window
8 - 14 laps
  • Unprecedented low-speed mechanical bite
  • Fastest turn-in response on smooth surfaces
  • Extremely rapid wear; unsuitable for any high-speed loaded turns

Typical circuits
Monaco (specialist designation), Specialist street tests

INTER

Cinturato Green (Intermediate)

40°C - 80°C (104°F - 176°F) / Wet Working Range

Wet weather

The most crucial tyre in variable weather. Features directional grooves capable of displacing 30 litres of water every second. Can be pushed on a drying track where drivers search for standing water on straights to cool the rubber.

Mechanical grip
Variable (Damp to Wet)
Degradation
High on dry track; Low in wet
Warm-up
Weather dependent
Water evacuation
30 Litres / sec at 300 km/h per tyre
  • Seamless crossover between wet and slick conditions
  • Operates without pre-heating blankets if required
  • Overheats and sheds tread chunks (delamination) if track dries completely

Typical circuits
Damp tracks, drying lines, passing rain showers

WET

Cinturato Blue (Full Wet)

30°C - 65°C (86°F - 149°F) / Cold Wet Working Range

Wet weather

Pirelli’s extreme wet weather tyre. Features deep tread blocks designed to prevent hydroplaning by pumping 85 litres of water per second into the air at top speed. Modern generation runs blanket-free with immediate chemical warm-up.

Mechanical grip
Wet Anti-Aquaplaning
Degradation
Severe on damp / dry track
Warm-up
Weather dependent
Water evacuation
85 Litres / sec at 300 km/h per tyre
  • Ultimate aquaplaning resistance through deep puddles
  • No tyre warmers needed
  • Massive spray reduces visibility for following drivers; slow on drying asphalt

Typical circuits
Monsoon rain, standing water, torrential downpours

Graining versus blistering

Two of the most common engineering terms heard during a race broadcast.

01

What is graining?

Mechanism. The tyre surface slides across the tarmac while the rubber is still cold but the carcass is being worked hard. Small ripples of rubber tear away and ball up on the tread.

Symptom. The car feels like it is driving on marbles. Front grip washes out into understeer, or the rear snaps under traction.

Fix. Patience. If the driver avoids sliding for three to five laps, the track cleans off the balled rubber and the tyre comes back.

02

What is blistering?

Mechanism. Excess heat deep inside the carcass. Trapped gases and overheated rubber boil, break free from the sub-layers and tear chunks from the tyre face.

Symptom. Visible gouges or holes across the contact band, a sharp loss of mechanical grip and high-frequency vibration.

Fix. None. A blistered tyre cannot recover, so the driver has to pit for fresh rubber.

The 18-inch low-profile era

Before 2022, Formula 1 ran 13-inch rims with tall balloon sidewalls. Those sidewalls acted as unregulated secondary dampers, flexing violently over kerbs and making the airflow around the car turbulent and hard to model.

The current 18-inch Pirelli tyres have shorter, stiffer sidewalls. That cuts carcass deflection, supports cleaner ground-effect aerodynamics and mirrors the tyre architecture of high-performance road cars.

Front tyre305 / 720 - 18
Rear tyre405 / 720 - 18
Heating blanket cap70°C maximum
Pressure monitoringFIA real-time Bluetooth TPMS

The rules behind the tyres

Mandatory rules that govern tyre usage, pit stops and temperature limits.

01

Mandatory Two Compound Rule

In any dry race, each driver must use at least two different specifications of slick tyres (e.g. Medium and Hard). Failing to do so results in disqualification.

Strategic impact
Ensures that every car must make at least one pit stop during a dry Grand Prix.

02

13 Slick Sets Allocation

Each driver is allocated exactly 13 sets of dry-weather tyres for a standard race weekend: 2 sets of Hard, 3 sets of Medium, and 8 sets of Soft.

Strategic impact
Teams must return sets to Pirelli progressively after FP1, FP2, and FP3, leaving them with limited options for qualifying and race strategy.

03

Tyre Warming Blankets (70°C Cap)

Tyre warming blankets are strictly limited to a maximum temperature of 70°C for slicks (reduced from 100°C previously) and 60°C for wet tyres.

Strategic impact
Cars leave the pitlane on relatively cold tyres, making "out-laps" treacherous and raising the skill required for undercut strategies.

04

Minimum Pressures & Camber Limits

Pirelli and the FIA enforce strict starting tyre pressures (measured before fitting) and negative camber limits via mandatory wireless rim sensors.

Strategic impact
Teams cannot artificially under-inflate tyres to gain contact patch grip, protecting tyres from sidewall structural failures.

05

18-Inch Low-Profile Wheel Rims

Introduced in 2022, 18-inch wheels replaced the historical 13-inch balloons. Tyres have stiffer, shorter sidewalls that mimic modern high-performance road cars.

Strategic impact
Greatly reduces tyre bounce and sidewall deformation, forcing suspension geometry to do more mechanical damping work.